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Table 4 Correlation between specialists’ characteristics and the province features on dual practice engagement of public sector specialists

From: Extent and nature of dual practice engagement among Iran medical specialists

  Odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval P level P variable
Lower limit Upper limit
Physician characteristics
 Sex
  Male 1     
  Female 0.756 0.715 0.8 0.022 0.001
 Age
  <40 1     
  40–45 1.196 1.099 1.301 0.001 0.001
  45–55 2.116 1.966 2.277 0.001
  55–65 5.651 5.065 6.304 0.001
  65< 3.176 2.735 3.688 0.001
 Experience
  ≤ 5 1     0.001
  6–14 1.359 1.249 1.479 0.001
  15–25 5.645 5.071 6.284 0.001
  25< 4.033 3.504 4.643 0.001
 Employment status
  Permanent 1     
  Zarib K 0.218 0.197 0.241 0.001 0.001
  Payam avar 0.051 0.007 0.386 0.004
  Peymani (semi-permanent) 0.431 0.391 0.476 0.001
  Contractual 1.035 0.961 1.115 0.362
  Others 0.779 0.709 0.856 0.001
  Unspecified 1.730 1.502 1.992 0.001
 Faculty membership status
  Non-faculty 1     
  Faculty 0.647 0.607 0.690 0.001 0.001
 Full-time status
  Non-FTG 1     
  FTG 0.146 0.136 0.157 0.001 0.001
Provincial characteristics
 Total specialists (per 10 000 population)
  ≤ 2.5 1     
  2.5–4 1.795 0.919 3.505 0.087 0.091
  4–5 1.957 0.834 4.593 0.123
  5≥ 5.038 1.341 18.933 0.017
 Population
  ≤ 500 000 1     
  500 000–2 000 000 1.589 1.225 2.061 0.001 0.001
  2 000 000–5 000 000 2.201 0.978 4.957 0.057
  5 000 000< 2.670 1.022 6.975 0.045
 Extent of regional deprivation* 2.053 1.498 2.813 0.001 0.001
 Number of hospitals 1.008 1.001 1.016 0.031 0.031
 Number of private hospitals 1.009 1.001 1.017 0.021 0.021
 Share of private hospitals** 1.590 1.341 1.886 0.001 0.001
  1. *Regional deprivation: the regional with lowest deprivation rate. Deprivation rate is ranked by the level of deprivation that showed with numbers 3 to 5. Depending on the region’s conditions, the most deprived region has the lowest rate (coefficient of deprivation of service points for doctors and paramedics. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education 2002 2002. Report No.: Contract No.: 24243)
  2. **Share of private hospitals: proportion of private hospitals to the total hospitals in a province
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Human Resources for Health

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