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Studied subgroups
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Years of data collection
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Number of prevalence measures
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Total sample size
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Prevalence range (%)
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Effect size
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Subgroup comparison
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Heterogeneity between studies
| | | |
|---|
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Weighted average prevalence (%)
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95% CI
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Q between subgroup tests p value
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Cochrane Q test's p value
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I2 (%)
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95% prediction intervala
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EMR
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All countries (Egypt, Iran, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates)
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2005–2020
|
94
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26,029
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2.40–99.90
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33.03
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27.40–39.19
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N/A
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< 0.0001
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98.80
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3.53–86.94
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|
Diagnostic Instrumentsb
|
2012–2015
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5
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1192
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2.90–81.81
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26.31
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6.29–65.50
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0.6949
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< 0.0001
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99.10
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0.05–99.61
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Screening Instruments
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2005–2020
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89
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24,837
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2.40–99.90
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33.37
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27.74–39.53
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< 0.0001
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98.80
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3.87–86.16
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BDI
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2005–2018
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25
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6679
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7.80–89.25
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33.33
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24.91–42.97
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< 0.0001
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< 0.0001
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97.90
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5.43–81.31
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|
BDI–2
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2006–2018
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8
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1082
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22.00–92.90
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45.90
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26.88–66.18
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< 0.0001
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97.20
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3.80–94.80
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BDI–SF
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2017
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1
|
247
|
9.88
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9.72
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6.60–14.09
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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DASS–21
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2010–2020
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18
|
4903
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9.50–99.90
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40.21
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26.04–56.22
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< 0.0001
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99.00
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3.22–93.15
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DASS–42
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2007–2016
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2
|
470
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2.40–29.10
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9.23
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1.36–42.79
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N/A
|
95.40
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N/A
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HADS
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2012–2020
|
14
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4412
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6.10–82.00
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26.05
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15.98–39.47
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< 0.0001
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98.30
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2.53–82.72
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PHQ–9
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2013–2020
|
10
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4332
|
2.51–71.4
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33.89
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18.20–54.15
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< 0.0001
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99.20
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2.01–92.77
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Otherc
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2006–2016
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11
|
2712
|
6.20–85.10
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33.45
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18.47–52.73
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< 0.0001
|
98.30
|
2.15–92.00
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- BDI Beck Depression Inventory, BDI-2 Beck Depression Inventory-2, BDI-SF Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form, DASS-21 Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, DASS-42 Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-42, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9
- aOnly calculated when 3 or more data points available
- bIncludes: Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI); Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV); Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2); Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (WHO SCAN); and clinical diagnosis by doctors
- cOther: General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Symptom Checklist for Depression, de novo questionnaire
