Table 1 Path of regulatory institutions in India (1912 - 2020)
| Regulatory Institution | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provincial Medical Councils, Various Provinces in British India | Medical Council of India (1933) | Medical Council of India (1956) | National Medical Commission | |
| Legislation/Act | Provincial Medical Act by respective provinces in British India | The Indian Medical Council Act, 1933 | The Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 | The National Medical Commission Act, 2019 |
| Year of Inception | 1912–1936 | 1934 | 1956 | 2020 |
| Statutory Regulatory Body | Provincial Medical Council in most provinces with a Medical College | Medical Council of India (MCI) set up in 1934 | Medical Council of India—1956 | National Medical Commission (NMC) |
| Composition of Regulatory Body |
President nominated by provincial government, members Elected and Nominated from among medical professionals |
President—elected from among members One member from each province—nominated by central government One member from each university with a medical faculty One member from each province with a medical council Four members nominated by central government |
President—elected from among members One member from each state nominated by central government One member from each university with medical faculty One member from each province, where a medical register is maintained Seven elected members from among medical professionals Eight members nominated by Central Government |
A chairperson appointment by central government 10 ex officio members mostly from medical institution under direct jurisdiction of central government 22 part time members—nominated from among the nominees of state government and state medical councils, university and imminent medical professionals Secretary appointed by the central government |
| Functions of Regulatory Body |
Registration and maintenance of register of medical practitioners Supervision of medical standard and examination Disciplinary control of medical practice Guidance to provincial government on medical education |
Maintenance of uniform standard of higher education Oversight of examination Establish reciprocity of medical qualifications Recognition of medical qualification from outside based on reciprocity |
Recognition of medical qualification by medical institutions within India and other countries as part of reciprocity Registration of medical practitioners and maintaining Indian Medical Register Maintaining standard of medical course, examination Post-graduate and higher medical education Disciplinary action against registered practitioners |
Quality and standard of medical education Regulation of medical institutions, medical research and medical professionals Assess requirement human resource and develop roadmap Professional ethics and promoting ethical conduct Regulating fee of private colleges Other functions as required |
| Minimum Qualification for Registration and practice |
All graduates of medical colleges and Universities in British India/institution outside India as per GMC, UK All licentiate, diploma awarded by different institutions/board in Provinces |
All graduates in medicine from Indian university/ institution outside India under reciprocity arrangement Licentiate of Medicine and Surgery only from Bombay, Calcutta and Madras were included | MBBS awarded from recognised institution/university in India and from institution outside India under reciprocity arrangement | MBBS awarded from recognised institution/university in India and Institute/outside India may apply for recognition |
| Qualification awarding institutions |
Medical colleges/universities in British India Medical institution in other selected countries as per Schedule 2 Diploma and certificate by Provincial Government medical schools and other examination boards, councils, or universities |
Medical colleges/universities within India Selected universities from outside India |
Medical colleges/universities in India Selected universities from outside India |
Medical colleges/universities in India Selected Universities from outside India if approved/recognised by the NMC |